Brighton &
Hove’s Transport History Trail
Organised horse bus routes first began running in Brighton and
Hove around the middle of the 19th Century particularly once the
Seventeen years later in 1901 Brighton Corporation
began running trams within the Borough from a new garage in Lewes Road and in
1903 BH&PU started running the first motor buses which were initially
frowned on by local shopkeepers annoyed at the mud splashing on to their
windows in the narrow streets as well as the consequential petrol fumes and
vibrations.
In 1915 the South Coast Motor Services Company took
over the Brighton to
Another significant development in 1915 saw
competition beginning from the expanding Thomas Tilling empire who were running
an extensive network of buses in London as well as other parts of the south
east and had set up a garage in Holland Road, Hove. The following year, in 1916, Tilling took
over the Brighton, Hove & Preston United Company and replaced all the
remaining horse buses in the town with motor buses and included the Tilling
name on their sides. The town’s
transport was therefore provided by Tilling and Southdown’s motor buses and
Brighton Corporation’s trams.
It was in 1935, on 26th November, that
Tilling formed a new separate company the Brighton, Hove & District Omnibus
Company Ltd (BH&D) as an autonomous subsidiary of the parent group. Buses were branded as
It’s pleasing that seventy fives years later in 2010,
the Company is still locally branded and, as then, is an autonomous subsidiary
of a
The seventy five years of BH&D can be divided
into four eras. The first, lasting
thirteen years, saw the Company prosper as a private company within the Tilling
empire. The
second period lasted for twenty-one years and began when Tilling sold out to
the British Transport Commission in 1948 as part of the post-war Government nationalisation programme. In 1964 the BTC was replaced with a Transport
Holding Company which five years later in 1969 led to the National Bus Company
being formed. Bus companies such as
Southdown which had become part of the BET empire had
become nationalised as BET sold its portfolio of bus
companies to the Government that year and also became part of the new National
Bus Company.
This third era, which lasted for sixteen years from
1969 to 1985, saw the bringing together of both BH&D and Southdown under
common local management within the National Bus Company. As both companies had head offices in the
towns it inevitably led to rationalisation and
savings of overheads as the organisations were
merged. As Southdown’s empire stretched
from
Gradually the head office at
Meanwhile the Corporation buses continued as part of
Brighton Borough Council’s Transport Department. Bus routes had been coordinated for many
years with an operating agreement between BH&D and the Corporation as early
as 1939 with all buses carrying the same fleetname
‘Brighton, Hove & District Transport’ and wore a red and cream livery. This was replaced with a new BATS (Brighton
Area Transport Services) Agreement in January 1961 which also brought in the
services run by Southdown in the town for the first time.
Once Southdown and BH&D merged in 1969, their
share of the BATS Agreement extended to a combined 79.5% of all the operations
in the towns and the Corporation became a minor partner with 20.5%. The parties aimed to operate that proportion
of mileage each year and agreed to pool all the revenue irrespective of what
route it was taken on before sharing it out in those agreed proportions. The arrangement was way ahead of its time as
a system of integrating transport in an area.
By 1985 privatisation
returned again to the Agenda and we enter the fourth era of the Company’s
history. The ensuing twenty five years
between 1985 and 2010, saw the recreation of BH&D trading simply as
Brighton & Hove and has seen deregulation of bus services in 1986 and privatisation of the company in 1987. This was initially through a management
buy-out from NBC and lasted until November 1993 when the Company was sold on to
the Go-Ahead Northern bus company. In Spring 1994 Go-Ahead floated on the stock market as the
Go-Ahead Group plc and has gone on to become one of the most successful
Meanwhile in December 1993 Brighton Borough Council
sold its transport undertaking which had become an arms length company,
Brighton Transport Ltd back in January 1986.
Just over three years later in May 1997, the Go-Ahead Group purchased
Brighton Transport and merged it with Brighton & Hove by the end of June
1997.
In September 2005 Go-Ahead purchased the buses and
goodwill of the routes operated by Stagecoach from its garage in Lewes and
outstations at Uckfield, Eastbourne
and
More details of
the Company’s recent history during the period 1985 to 2010 can be found in
Roger French’s book Pride & Joy available from the Company.
This history trail is dedicated to
the memory of Jim Jones. Jim worked for the Brighton &
Hove Bus Company and Southdown all his working life for 38 years until his
untimely death in 2000. He took a keen interest in the history of the
Company as well as its modern day operations. Much of the content of this
section of our web site is only possible through the work he tirelessly carried
out with such great dedication.
1800’s:
11/5/1840
Railway line between
11/7/1841
Railway line from
21/9/1841
Railway completed from
8/6/1846
Railway opened between
These railway developments had a bearing on the trade
of local horse drawn cabs and carriages, and helped create demand for local
public transport.
c.1850
First regular horse bus service between Hove and
2/8/1869
4/8/1883
Volks Electric Railway opened,
the first in the world.
3/7/1884
Shoreham Tramway opened between Shoreham and
12/9/1884
Major horse bus operators William Taylor Beard,
William Mayner and Henry Thomas amalgamate to form
Brighton,
1/9/1887
Devils Dyke railway branch line opened. Originally
steam hauled stock, but operated with a Sentinel steam railcar from 1/5/1933 to
1/5/1935.
13/10/1894
Dyke Aerial Cableway opened (1,200ft long).
29/11/1896
Volks Brighton & Rottingdean
Seashore Electric Tramroad opened. Wrecked
by the same storm that destroyed the Chain Pier in Dec 1896.
7/1897
Rebuilt Brighton & Rottingdean
Seashore Electric Tramroad reopens.
24/7/1897
Dyke Steep Grade Railway opened.
1900’s
1901
Brighton & Rottingdean
Seashore Electric Tramroad closed.
25/11/1901
Brighton Corporation Tramways using electric cars
commences service.
24/12/1903
Brighton Hove & Preston United Omnibus Company introduce first motor bus (Milnes
Daimler CD 103).
1908/1909
Both the Dyke Aerial Cableway and Steep Grade Railway
closed about this time, following the promoter James Henry Hubbard emigrating to
23/10/1912
Portslade Station to Westbourne Villas section of Shoreham Tramway closed.
1912
Thomas Tilling starts motor mail van service between
6/6/1913
Final closure of Shoreham Tramway.
12/1913
Brighton Corporation Trolleybus trial
using Leeds Railless Traction vehicle with under
running system.
Vehicle arrived on 23/12/1913 by train, It was used on
tram tracks with a return skate and also on a special route from Rose Hill
Terrace to
16/9/1914
Hove Corporation Cedes Stoll Trolleybus
trial in Goldstone Villas and
2/1915
Thomas Tilling starts motor bus service in Brighton
and Hove with vehicles transferred from
1/4/1915
Brighton Hove & Preston United Brighton-Worthing route and excursions transferred to South Coast
Motor Services (renamed Southdown from 2/6/1915).
22/11/1916
Thomas Tilling buys out Brighton Hove & Preston
United Omnibus Company. Tilling moves to
8/12/1916
Last horse bus withdrawn.
1929
Southdown receives its first Leyland TD1’s.
1930
Thomas Tilling begin replacement of the
31/12/1932
26/11/1935
Brighton, Hove & District Omnibus Company
replaces Thomas Tilling’s
1937
31/12/38
Devils Dyke railway branch line closed.
1/4/1939
Operating agreement between Brighton Hove
& District and Brighton Corporation. Adoption of common red and cream
livery and fleetname ‘
1/5/1939
Brighton Corporation start operating AEC
661T trolleybuses and AEC Regent motor buses as tram replacement.
31/8/1939
Last Corporation trams withdrawn.
10/1944
2/1946
Brighton,
9/1948
1956
Last AEC Regents withdrawn by
1957
5/1958
Southdown receives its first
Leyland ‘Queen Mary’ PD3’s.
1959
Brighton Corporation receives its
first Leyland PD2’s.
24/3/1959
1/1/1961
New Brighton Area Transport Services agreement became
effective incorporating Brighton Hove & District, Southdown and Brighton
Corporation.
30/6/1961
Brighton Corporation trolleybuses
withdrawn.
1962
Brighton Hove & District becomes part of the
Transport Holding Company.
1/1/1969
National Bus Company formed, Brighton Hove &
District merges with Southdown Motor Services with head office at
1969
Ten Bristol VR’s ordered by
Brighton, Hove & District are delivered, the first rear engined
double deckers to operate in the
6/3/1969
Brighton Corporation Transport withdraws its last AEC
Regent.
3/1970
Southdown withdraws the first of its Leyland PD3’s.
However, it was ten years before the bulk of the type had departed, and two
convertibles passed into Stagecoach ownership in 1989 with the rest of the
Southdown fleet.
6/1970
Brighton Corporation Transport adopt
new livery of light blue and white.
1971
Brighton Corporation Transport receives its first
Leyland Atlanteans.
26/6/1971
1973
Southdown receives its first Leyland Nationals.
1/4/1974
Brighton Corporation Transport becomes Brighton
Borough Transport.
1977
Last Bristol K disposed of by
1981
Southdown receives its last VR’s,
which are also its last new double deckers under NBC
ownership.
1/1/1985
With deregulation in the offing, small is again
beautiful, and Southdown’s Brighton & Hove operations become separated and
managed as an autonomous unit within Southdown.
26/11/1985
Fifty years on from the formation of Brighton Hove
& District a bright new livery of red, cream and black is launched with
restyled ‘Brighton & Hove’ fleetname.
1/1/1986
Brighton & Hove formally separates from Southdown
recreating the former Brighton Hove & District Omnibus Company Ltd which
had been a dormant company since 1969 and still owned by the National Bus
Company. All garages and vehicles based in the Brighton and Hove area as well
as
16/3/1986
Mercedes minibuses introduced to
Service 7
21/4/1986
Company legal name changed to Brighton & Hove Bus
and Coach Company Limited.
5/10/1986
Almex electronic Timtronic
ticket machines introduced.
26/10/1986
Deregulation Day.
Brighton Borough Transport becomes Brighton Borough
Transport Ltd.
8/5/1987
Brighton & Hove privatised
by management buy out.
2/10/1987
Southdown privatised by
management buy out.
10/1987
Bus Times published for first time.
Spring 1988
Moulsecoomb Garage ceased to be operational.
21/6/1988
Brighton & Hove receives its first Scania’s.
8/1989
Stagecoach acquire Southdown.
9/10/1990
Radios fitted to buses.
10/1990
Brighton & Hove’s involvement on National Express
064 ceased.
12/1/1991
8/4/1991
A Passenger Charter is introduced
for the first time.
30/6/1991
SAVER tickets are introduced.
1992
First real ‘outside’ competition to Brighton &
Hove is experienced from Haven Coaches, between
1/93
Brighton Borough Transport Ltd withdraws its last
Leyland PD3’s
3/3/1992
Three Mercedes
608 minibuses introduced on a new CentreBus service
in bright yellow livery.
29/3/1992
New Almex
Eurofare ticket machines introduced.
5/9/1993
CentreBus service withdrawn in favour of 60p CentreFare
introduced on standard services.
17/11/1993
Brighton & Hove purchased by Go Ahead Northern
Ltd - their first acquisition prior to the Oxford Bus Company in early 1994 and
floatation as the Go-Ahead Group plc in May 1994..
4/12/1993
CentreFare reduced to 50p
22/12/1993
Brighton Corporation Transport sold to employees,
becoming Brighton Transport (1993) Ltd, and using Brighton Blue Bus as a fleetname.
17/6/1995
New bus lanes introduced in
New segregated bus lanes
introduced alongside St Peter’s Church in
1/8/1995
Updated B & H livery introduced on Dennis Darts.
1996
The first low-floor vehicles in the
3/1996
Services 1/1A: Whitehawk-Mile Oak with
new Dennis Lances in
Service 7: George Street-Bristol Estate with repainted Mercedes
Mini-buses in Purple livery, and branded as ‘The Busy Bees’(a
name which had been used on red vehicles since 3/86). From 4/97, Dennis Darts
were also repainted purple, and in 5/97 the service was enhanced by a new leg
to Brighton Marina (Service 7). The Bristol Estate service was renumbered 7A.
May 1996
Service 25 :
January 1997
Services 5/5A/5B:Hangleton-Patcham/Hollingbury with new Scanias
in Tangerine plus some repainted Scanias and
Nationals branded as ‘The Famous Fives.
30/5/1996
Night Buses introduced to run on
Thursday, Friday and Saturday nights.
21/5/1997
Go Ahead Group purchase Brighton
Transport (1993) Ltd, and merge it with Brighton & Hove by the end of June
1997. Fleet quickly painted in Brighton & Hove colours,
with Service 49/49A vehicles receiving dark blue livery for the METRO launch.
29/6/97
Brighton Transport Ltd formally absorbed into
Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company.
31/8/1997
Bus services cease running from
the Lewes base inherited from Brighton Transport. Certain routes centered on
Burgess Hill retained and transferred to the
8/9/1997
Brighton & Hove launch ‘METRO’
concept as a network of major routes drawing together previous route branded
services 1/1A, 5/5A/5B, 7/7A and 25 with the former Brighton Transport service
49/49A. Previous route brand colours retained, logos
altered to Brighton & Hove METRO. Diagramatic
Underground style map launched.
3/1999
First low floor double deckers
join B & H fleet in the form of twenty Dennis Tridents (801-820). A new
trend begins with the naming of vehicles.
26/9/1999
13 Dennis Darts named with
personalities from the Walk of Fame to be built at Brighton Marina.
2000’s
3/2000
20 more low
floor Dennis Tridents (821-840) join the fleet.
1/4/2000
Last Bristol VRT operates with the Company - their
withdrawal is marked by a special running day on Service 6.
29/7/2000
Last Leyland National operates with the Company.
1/1/2001
Brighton & Hove celebrates 15 years of operation.
8/1/2001
£1 flat fare introduced for a four month trial, which
has now continued to operate.
3/2001
24 new low floor Dennis Tridents (841-864) arrive for
METRO Line 5.
4/2002
12 new low floor Dennis Tridents (865-876) arrive,
two are in special gold livery to celebrate Queen’s Golden Jubilee.
25/5/2003
Flat fare increased to £1.20, and SAVER all day
ticket reduced to lowest price of £2.40.
6/2003
18 new low floor Scania Omnidekkas (601-618) arrive, two of which are convertible
open toppers.
11/2003
New Wayfarer ticket machines introduced.
16/1/2004
A new style of
livery is announced, with curves rather than straight lines, Trident 810 is the
first to be painted.
2/2004
18 new low floor Scania Omnidekkas (619-636) arrive for METRO Line 1.
9/7/2004
Flat fare
increased to £1.30 and SAVER increased to £2.50.
26/9/2004
New N7 night service introduced between Brighton
Marina and
9/2004
10 new low floor Scania Omnidekkas (637-646)
arrive all for revamped Coaster 12 service.
11/2004
Book detailing
the Bus Names that have appeared on 140 Brighton & Hove buses published. Edited by Mike Cheesman and Adam Trimingham.
9/1/2005
Flat fare
increased to £1.40 and SAVER increased to £2.60.
1/2005
Launch of the
first 10 I’m on the bus adverts, featuring local passengers in photos 13’ high.
5/4/2005
Routemaster RML2725 borrowed from London General to
give Brightonian’s a last chance to ride on this type
of vehicle before they are phased out in
24/4/2005
8 more new Scania Omnidekkas (647-654)
arrive, 2 for Coaster 12 and 6 for Metro 49. Some off bus SAVER ticket prices
increased. BusID 30p fare increased to 40p.
9/2005
12 more new Scania Omnidekkas (655-666)
arrive, 6 for Coaster 12 and 6 for Metro 49.
25/9/2005
Brighton &
Hove take over Stagecoach operations from Lewes, Seaford,
Saver tickets
split into two types CitySAVER and SuperSAVER (for travel to
23/4/2006
Flat fare
increased to £1.50 and CitySAVER now £2.80.
5/2006
4 more new Scania Omnidekkas (667-670)
arrive, 3 for Coaster 12 and 1 for Metro 49. Also delivered are 2 12m long Scania Omnidekkas with coach
seats and seatbelts fitted. One is normally seen helping out on the Coaster 12.
8/2006
Some of the 18
new 12m long Scania Omnidekkas
(901-918) start to arrive for Metro 25.
24/9/2006
The
second all night bus service is introduced on the N25.
Fares revised to
£1.70 before 9am or £1.50 after 9am, with a CitySAVER being £3.20 or £3.00
1/11/2006
A CentreFare is reintroduced for £1 for any journey in area
from
3/2007
Camera enforcement of bus lanes begins in the City
Centre.
7/2007
Brighton & Hove begins operating the
8/2007
Some of the new Scania Omnidekkas (671-688) start
to arrive, very slowly! 4 for Metro 49, 5 standard and 9 for
Regency Route 29.
23/9/2007
Fares revised to
£1.70 single, and Centrefare extended at £1.20, CitySAVER £3.20 or SuperSAVER
£4.20, but day SAVER ticket available online for only £2.80
11/2007
Route 29 between
1/4/2008
The Englandwide National
Concessionary Fares scheme began.
11/2008
A special offer in The Argus linked to on-line sales of
SAVER tickets saw a 7-day ticket for just £7 go on sale in connection with a
special promotional code printed exclusively in the paper.
1/2009
The first of thirty one Scania
Omnicity buses with 27 branded for METRO 5 begin to
arrive. The order is completed in July.
5/4/2009
Due to cuts in Council funding the bespoke
5/2009
The text service for real time information at any bus
stop begins.
5/2009
RML 2317 was formally launched in its wonderful
Thomas Tilling tribute livery following its acquisition from Metrobus.
7/2009
8/2009
The A259 bus lanes between Peacehaven
and Ovingdean are opened.
10/2009
A London Bendy bus is used on trial on route 25.
2/2010
Four Bendy buses arrive in the fleet before being
given an extensive makeover and refurbishment and entering service in
September.
4/2010
On Route Radio is launched.
5/2010
A new style bus stop flag is launched.
5/2010
Roger French’s book Pride & Joy is published.
13/6/2010
A hugely successful 75th Anniversary bus
rally is held on
26/11/2010
Brighton & Hove celebrates its 75th
Anniversary with a luncheon at the Old Ship Hotel attended by civic
dignitaries, city leaders and staff. Cheques for £17,000 each are presented to The Martlets and the Argus Appeal.
3/2011
New ERG Smart card enabled ticket machines are
introduced.
1/4/2011
The first of 21 Volvo Wright bodied Gemini double
deck buses branded for routes 6 and 7 are launched.
16/7/2011
The first match is played at the new AMEX Community
Stadium. Around 40 buses from
1/8/2011
National Concessionary passholders
begin using their smart card enabled passes on the readers.
9/2011
4/2012
Further Volvo Wright bodied Gemini double deck buses
branded for route 1 are launched and two Hybrid buses are introduced on route
7.
11 more Hybrid buses arrive, eight for route 7 and 3 for use elsewhere.
2/2013
M-Ticketing trial launched on routes 23/25.
5/2013
2 Volvo Wright bodied Gemini double deck buses branded for route 49 arrive.
6/2013
29 Volvo Wright bodied Gemini double deck buses branded for route 5 arrived over 6 months. Plus 1 for route 6 in November and 7 in standard livery.
3/2015
6 more Bendy buses arrive for Route 25.
4/2015
24 New Mercedes Streetdecks start to arrive in a new Coaster 12 livery of blue and green
5/2016
24 New Mercedes Streetdecks start to arrive for Route 1.
7/2017
31 New Mercedes Streetdecks start to arrive for Routes 7 and 49. 2 more Bendys arrive for Route 25.
9/2017
3 New Mercedes Streedecks arrive for Coaster 12.
3/2018
A new Panther Coach arrives for Spirit of Sussex fleet.
9/2019
30 New Alexander Dennis electric buses arrive in new Live & Breathe livery and used on Route 5.
10/2020
24 New Alexander Dennis electric buses arrive in Above & Beyond livery and used on Route 1.
28/10/2021
Metrobus fleet now operated under Brighton & Hove Bus and Coach Company licence.
31/10/2022
Last day in service for Brighton & Hove bendy buses.
25/12/2022
Brighton & Hove ran buses on Christmas Day for first time on routes 1, 1A, 5B, 7 and 49.
1/2/2023
Southdown PSV of Copthorne bus fleet acquired.
4/2023
Metrobus take delivery of the first 20 Hydrogen powered single decks for use on Fastway services.
3/2024
44 New ADL Enviro400 arrive for Coaster and other routes
8/3/2024
Eastbourne Sightseeing fleet acquired.
8/2024
Regency Coaches fleet acquired.
8/2024
Metrobus take delivery of 11 more Hydrogen buses.
3/2025
Metrobus take delivery of 11 Hydrogen double deck buses.